Demography and social economy

SCENARIO MODELING OF SPATIAL REGENERATION OF MACROREGIONAL ZONES OF UKRAINE: SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL-ECONOMIC PRIORITIES OF RECONSTRUCTION

Victoriіa Mykytenko — 2025-03-24

The purpose of the study is to develop a scenario approach to modeling the spatial restoration of macro-regional zones of Ukraine, taking into account their social, ecological and economic priorities, in order to create a comprehensive methodology that integrates innovative tools of modeling, analysis and assessment for the formation of hybrid reconstruction strategies that ensure the balanced development of post-war regions. The research is based on systemic, scenario-based, innovative approaches and principles of balanced development, using a wide range of information sources, including official statistics, analytical reports, geoinformation data, regulatory and legal acts, and the experience of post-crisis recovery in other countries. Interdisciplinary methods were used: scenario modeling, spatial and cluster analysis, general equilibrium modeling, sociological, structural-functional, natural-resource and ecological assessments. The scientific novelty consists in the creation of the concept of seven macro-regional zones of post-war spatial reconstruction of Ukraine: the Activation Zone, the Transistor Zone, the Eastern and Southern Decompression Lines, the Western Excitation Zone, the Central Modernization Zone and the South-Eastern Industrial Belt. For the first time, hybrid reconstruction scenarios up to 2030 are proposed for each zone, synchronizing social, environmental and economic aspects, taking into account current challenges, including climate change, post-war reintegration and infrastructure modernization. An innovative approach to the formation of industrial clusters, such as the South-Eastern Industrial Belt, is proposed, integrating spatial planning, international logistics networks and innovative economic models. A multi-level complex of mechanisms for the implementation of hybrid scenarios has been developed, which includes social dialogue, environmental monitoring, cognitive and informational support, innovation policy and integration into the European Research Area. The proposed approaches harmonize national interests with the Sustainable Development Goals, contributing to the adaptation of macro-regions to internal and external challenges, ensuring Ukraine’s resilience, competitiveness and quality of life in the postwar period.

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HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT UNDER GLOBAL INSTABILITY

Svitlana Sidenko — 2025-03-24

In the conditions of globalization, increasing interaction and interdependence of countries lead to their mutual vulnerability, aggravate old problems and give rise to new threats, risks, contradictions and crises, thus generating global instability. These processes exert impact on the world economy, international relations and human development. Therefore, it is relevant to study the impact of these changes on human development under global instability. The research objective of this article is to analyse the influence of global processes, threats and risks on the development of human capital. The novelty of the research results consists in disclosing the influence of global threats and risks on human capital development, with focus on environmental problems, pandemics, economic crises, increasing unevenness of socio-economic development of countries and regions of the world. The research relies on the methods of system analysis, scientific generalizations, cross-country comparisons, and economic and statistical analysis. The article reveals that the development of human society is affected by the global environmental problem associated with the change of the natural environment produced by human economic activity, which leads to the disruption of the structure and functioning of natural systems, the depletion of resources, and pollution of territories, all of these negatively affecting human development. The Covid-19 pandemic was a significant challenge for human society worldwide, which had a notable impact on economic and social development, caused a reduction in production and employment, a drop in incomes, and affected the state of health, thus determining a decline of the global Human Development Index — for the first time in 30 years of its existence. Economic crises, which are accompanied by economic recession, rising unemployment and prices, falling incomes and well-being, have a significant impact on human development, which reveals itself in the negative HDI changes in most countries. The uneven socio-economic development of countries and regions of the world has a negative impact on human development. It is manifested in the uneven distribution of resources and wealth, unequal access to education and profession, as well as in significant gaps in such important basic rights and opportunities as the right to life, freedom of choice, employment, etc. The solution of existing global problems and ensuring stability and development at the international level are to be attained within the framework of the global governance system, the core of which represent the UN and its institutions. This makes vital the development and reformation of global institutions to regulate international political, economic and social relations in accordance with the new conditions of human society development. The study of these issues is necessary to identify new global trends in the development of an effective development policy at the national and global level.

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SOCIAL DIALOGUE IN THE CONTEXT OF POST-WAR DEVELOPMENT AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF UKRAINE

Iryna Novak — 2025-03-24

The article is devoted to the study of the state and problems of the development of social dialogue in Ukraine in the context of the priorities of post-war development and the prospects of European integration. The study generalized approaches to understanding social dialogue within the framework of institutional theory as a collective action, the purpose of which is to control, release and expand individual action, establish and ensure compliance with the rules that determine the complex of mutual economic relations between the state, trade unions and employers’ organizations. The purpose of this article is to study the current trends of social dialogue in Ukraine and determine the main priorities of its development in the context of post-war development and prospects for European integration. The scientific novelty of the study is the substantiation of the methodological approach to the study of social dialogue within the framework of institutional theory, the determination of key trends in its development in the process of post-war development of Ukraine based on modern international approaches and in the context of the prospects of European integration, which includes the analysis of statistical and empirical data on the level of employee participation in trade unions and their coverage by collective bargaining in Ukraine and European Union countries, the number of collective agreements registered in Ukraine, indicators of employee coverage by collective agreements, etc. To achieve the defined goal, the following research methods are applied: comparative and statistical analysis of data, graphical method of presenting results — for quantitative assessment and research on indicators of social dialogue; methods of the system approach, logical analysis, induction and deduction, generalization and analogy — in the justification and development of a methodological approach to the study of social dialogue in Ukraine in the context of post-war development and prospects for European integration. On the basis of international and national statistical data, the dynamics of indicators of social dialogue in Ukraine and European Union countries were analyzed. The main problems causing insufficient effectiveness of the social dialogue are identified, the solution of which is necessary for the post-war development and European integration of Ukraine. These are: reduction in the level of worker coverage by trade unions and the narrowing scope of agreements; the concentration of most of the contractual regulation of collective labor relations in the pub lic sector, which has limited financial opportunities to increase the level of social and economic guarantees for employees; non-compliance by the government with the legally defined norms and rules of conducting social dialogue, the actual multi-year blocking of the work of the National tripartite socio-economic council; legislative changes to the approaches to determining the essence and structure of the minimum wage, including therein other components of wages, apart from the tariff part; the imposition of a legal regime of martial law with significant restrictions on the rights of workers and the activities of institutions of social dialogue.

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30 Activities of large, medium, small and micro enterprises. 2022 (2023). Statistical collection. State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Kyiv. https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2023/zb/12/Dsvsmm_22.pdf

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STUDY OF THE SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL OF UKRAINE: ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE RESULTS OF THE «YOUNG SCIENTIST OF THE YEAR» COMPETITION

Оlena Levanda — 2025-03-24

Under complex socio-economic conditions, young scientific personnel represent a key factor in maintaining the current level of economic functionality in the country and ensuring its further innovative development. Recent negative trends, including the emigration of productive forces, funding constraints, and the scientific passivity of youth, highlight the urgent need to develop mechanisms and instruments for preserving and enhancing the state’s scientific assets. However, any managerial decision, particularly those related to policies aimed at stimulating the development of scientific potential, is impossible without a thorough assessment of the actual state of affairs — namely, an analysis of both the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the country’s scientific personnel and an evaluation of its scientific potential. Currently, there is a significant variability in approaches to such assessments, including direct evaluation methods such as surveys. However, all existing approaches have limitations and specificities (e.g., incomplete, inaccurate, irrelevant, or overly generalized information). Therefore, the analysis of statistical data from the “Young Scientist of the Year” competition for 2021—2024 and the forecasting of trends in the development of scientific disciplines, supplemented by an informational basis for policy formulation aimed at strengthening Ukraine’s scientific potential, constituted the primary objective of this study. The novelty of this research lies in outlining the prospects for utilizing statistical data from youth competitions like “Young Scientist of the Year” as a foundational element for a systematic assessment of productive scientific personnel. The study establishes that retrospective analyses of statistical data from such competitions among young scientists can significantly contribute to the dataset on Ukraine’s scientific potential, thereby reducing risks and uncertainties in decision-making by stakeholders. The study evaluates the research activity of young scientists across scientific fields, identifying a strong scientific potential in the humanities, particularly in “Economics,” “Pedagogy,” “Ecology,” and “Environmental Protection.” Based on the analyzed data, forecasts for young scientists’ activity over the next four years indicate a relative stability in the development of science in Ukraine. The findings emphasize the necessity of stimulating the formation of scientific personnel within higher education institutions and research institutions, particularly among Doctor of Science holders. Additionally, the study confirms the importance of scientific publications as a key indicator in assessing scientific potential. It is established that scientific activities such as internships and grant participation require substantial support to enhance the research capabilities of young scholars.

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6 Artyomov, I., & Lyashko, M. (2023). European integration aspects of higher education of Ukraine in the context of modern challenges and trends. Geopolitics of Ukraine: history and modern times, 1 (30), 44—55. https://doi.org/10.24144/2078-1431.2023.1(30).44-55

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THE IMPACT OF THE COMMERCIAL AND CIVIL SOCIETY SECTORS ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF UKRAINIAN COMMUNITIES

Olena Sova — 2025-03-24

In the current conditions of decentralization, there is an urgent need to find effective mechanisms for interaction between the state, business, and civil society to address the challenges of territorial community development. Using spatial thinking and systems analysis, as well as methods of induction and deduction, statistical grouping, and comparison, the article evaluates the dynamics of the number of companies and civil society organizations established in the Kyiv region over the past ten years. The analysis of community samples and the linear trends constructed have demonstrated the negative impact of the military-political situation, socio-economic conditions, and infrastructural changes on the activity of non-governmental and commercial institutions. The purpose of the article is to justify the synergy of efforts between business and civil society organizations in the development of Ukrainian communities and to present measures aimed at increasing financial capacity and enhancing the social capital of communities. Differences in business environment indicators among urban, settlement, and rural communities are argued, confirming the need for individual deve lopment strategies for each type of community. The conclusions drawn regarding the strategic significance of budgetary instruments for strengthening regional potential within the context of cross-sectoral partnerships constitute the scientific novelty of the research.

The article analyzes the dynamics of companies and civil society organizations established in the territorial communities of the Kyiv region of Ukraine from 2015 to 2024. It identifies types of communities with a significant downward trend in the studied indicators. The reasons for the decline in socio-economic activity in territorial communities, based on the analysis of their business environment in 2023, are determined. The necessity of considering population size in calculating community capacity and the number of active taxpayers is emphasized. Proposals are provided to stimulate cooperation between business and civil society organizations for the success of post-war recovery programs.

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7. Iachim, A., & Gherman, O. (2024). Organizațiile neguvernamentale și rolul lor în economia contemporană. Non-governmental organizations and their role in the contemporary economy. Vector European, 1, 78—80. https://doi.org/10.52507/2345-1106.2024-1.16

8. Libanova, E., & Romaniuk, S. (2023). Conceptualization of governance in social relations. Demography and Social Economy, 3 (53), 33—53. https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2023.03.033

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9. Zaiats, T., & Kraievska, H. (2024). Intersectoral cooperation in the context of social development of territorial communities of Ukraine. Demography and Social Economy, 1 (55), 59—77. https://doi.org/10.15407/dse2024.01.059

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[Оліярник, В. В., & Бірюшов, Д. М. (2024). Механізми державно-приватного партнерства на місцевому рівні. Ефективність державного управління, 1/2 (78/79), 33—38].

COLLECTIVE MODELS OF HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR: MAIN APPROACHES TO FORMATION AND AREAS OF USE

Anna Hvelesiani — 2025-03-24

The paper summarizes the international experience of modelling the decision-making process of households and the main areas of use of collective models of household consumption behavior. Unitary and non-unitary methodological approaches to the study of household consumption behavior are studied. According to the traditional, unitary, approach of microeconomic theory, households are considered as single decision-making units, as “consumers” in the usual sense, which are characterized by a single utility function that is maximized under certain budget constraints. This approach does not assume that household members can act and make decisions independently, in particular regarding the consumption of goods and services, or significantly influence such decisions of other household members; the peculiarities of the distribution of resources between household members are not taken into account. Against the background of the discussion about the shortcomings of the unitary model, scientists have proposed a non-unitary approach, which takes into account that household members may have their own preferences that differ from each other, and that decision-making processes in households are complex phenomena that deserve special attention. In Ukraine, a non-unitary approach in modelling the socio-economic behavior of households has not become widely used, thus to assess the relevance and possibility of its application on Ukrainian data, it is relevant to study international theoretical and empirical researches into the economic behavior of households in consuming goods and services, producing and consuming their own products, forming savings, making investments, etc., based on a collective approach. The main purpose of the article is to study the international experience of developing and using collective models of household consumption behavior and to determine the most relevant areas of their application. The theoretical basis of the study is the general methods of scientific inquiry, such as systematization and theoretical generalization, scientific abstraction, comparison, argumentation, analysis and synthesis, etc. The most relevant areas of application of collective models of household consumption behavior are the study of such issues as labour supply, consumption and savings, household production and distribution of goods among its members, the level of poverty, etc.

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PROJECT ACTIVITY IN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES (on the example of the Kolochava territorial community of the Zakarpattia region)

Liliia Holovko — 2025-03-24

The article defines the directions of project activity in the context of the interaction of progressive international entities, business, local authorities and one of the communities of the Zakarpattia region. Attention is focused on the development of initiative, self-organization of the population at the grassroots level, enhancing the prestige of territorial communities through the use of effective social tools. The purpose of the article is to identify regularities and determine the priority directi ons of development based on the assessment of project activities in the territorial community in the pre-war and war periods. The novelty is the generalization of transformational shifts in the territorial community thanks to the implementation of project activities. The article uses general scientific research methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization.

The significance of the project activity in the border regions is substantiated primarily in the context of the development of cross-border cooperation, inter-municipal partnership, with the aim of improving the quality of life and common living conditions of the population, preserving the demographic and natural resource potential of nature conservation areas, in particular within the Kolochava territorial community. It was found that the development of project activities in the community with the possibility of creating new jobs, with the involvement of war veterans, individual entrepreneurs, IDPs, and youth becomes significant. The cohesion of the population through the implementation of social projects contributes to the growth of trust in local authorities, the strengthening of social integration and stress resistance in war conditions. Taking into account the transformational changes in the development of the community, a questionnaire was designed and an assessment of the project activity was carried out in terms of the possibilities of the priority areas of the territorial community’s development. The survey was conducted in late July — early August 2024, with 51 respondents having taken part in it. In the course of the survey, the problems toward which the project activities should be directed were identified, the foremost among them are: modernization of general education institutions, cleaning of water bodies, development of alternative energy sources. The role of international cooperation in the implementation of larger projects is considered. In particular, during the implementation of the project “World of Carpathian rosettes — measures to preserve the unique culture of the Carpathians”. Attention is focused on the significant role in the implementation of projects, especially in wartime conditions, of the community’s long-term cooperation with the Czech charity organization “PresHranice z.s.”.

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